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    Chloramination of wastewater effluent: Toxicity and formation of disinfection byproducts

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Le Roux, J.
    Plewa, M.
    Wagner, E.
    Nihemaiti, M.
    Dad, A.
    Croue, Jean-Philippe
    Date
    2017
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Le Roux, J. and Plewa, M. and Wagner, E. and Nihemaiti, M. and Dad, A. and Croue, J. 2017. Chloramination of wastewater effluent: Toxicity and formation of disinfection byproducts. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 58: pp. 135-145.
    Source Title
    Journal of Environmental Sciences
    DOI
    10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.022
    ISSN
    1001-0742
    School
    Curtin Water Quality Research Centre
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/53856
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    The reclamation and disinfection of waters impacted by human activities (e.g., wastewater effluent discharges) are of growing interest for various applications but has been associated with the formation of toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs). Monochloramine used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine can be an additional source of nitrogen in the formation of N-DBPs. Individual toxicity assays have been performed on many DBPs, but few studies have been conducted with complex mixtures such as wastewater effluents. In this work, we compared the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) before and after chloramination. The toxicity of chloraminated EfOM was significantly higher than the toxicity of raw EfOM, and the more hydrophobic fraction (HPO) isolated on XAD-8 resin was more toxic than the fraction isolated on XAD-4 resin. More DBPs were also isolated on the XAD-8 resin. N-DBPs (i.e., haloacetonitriles or haloacetamides) were responsible for the majority of the cytotoxicity estimated from DBP concentrations measured in the XAD-8 and XAD-4 fractions (99.4% and 78.5%, respectively). Measured DBPs accounted for minor proportions of total brominated and chlorinated products, which means that many unknown halogenated compounds were formed and can be responsible for a significant part of the toxicity. Other non-halogenated byproducts (e.g., nitrosamines) may contribute to the toxicity of chloraminated effluents as well.

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