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    Halogen-specific total organic halogen analysis: Assessment by recovery of total bromine

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    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Langsa, M.
    Allard, S.
    Kristiana, I.
    Heitz, A.
    Joll, Cynthia
    Date
    2017
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Langsa, M. and Allard, S. and Kristiana, I. and Heitz, A. and Joll, C. 2017. Halogen-specific total organic halogen analysis: Assessment by recovery of total bromine. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 58: pp. 340-348.
    Source Title
    Journal of Environmental Sciences
    DOI
    10.1016/j.jes.2017.06.010
    ISSN
    1001-0742
    School
    Curtin Water Quality Research Centre
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54504
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Determination of halogen-specific total organic halogen (TOX) is vital for studies of disinfection of waters containing bromide, since total organic bromine (TOBr) is likely to be more problematic than total organic chlorine. Here, we present further halogen-specific TOX method optimisation and validation, focusing on measurement of TOBr. The optimised halogen-specific TOX method was validated based on the recovery of model compounds covering different classes of disinfection by-products (haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, halophenols and halogenated benzenes) and the recovery of total bromine (mass balance of TOBr and bromide concentrations) during disinfection of waters containing dissolved organic matter and bromide. The validation of a halogen-specific TOX method based on the mass balance of total bromine has not previously been reported. Very good recoveries of organic halogen from all model compounds were obtained, indicating high or complete conversion of all organic halogen in the model compound solution through to halide in the absorber solution for ion chromatography analysis. The method was also successfully applied to monitor conversion of bromide to TOBr in a groundwater treatment plant. An excellent recovery (101%) of total bromine was observed from the raw water to the post-chlorination stage. Excellent recoveries of total bromine (92%–95%) were also obtained from chlorination of a synthetic water containing dissolved organic matter and bromide, demonstrating the validity of the halogen-specific TOX method for TOBr measurement. The halogen-specific TOX method is an important tool to monitor and better understand the formation of halogenated organic compounds, in particular brominated organic compounds, in drinking water systems.

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