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    Dose-related psychotic symptoms in chronic methamphetamine users: Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    McKetin, Rebecca
    Lubman, D.
    Baker, A.
    Dawe, S.
    Ali, R.
    Date
    2013
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    McKetin, R. and Lubman, D. and Baker, A. and Dawe, S. and Ali, R. 2013. Dose-related psychotic symptoms in chronic methamphetamine users: Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study. JAMA Psychiatry. 70 (3): pp. 319-324.
    Source Title
    JAMA Psychiatry
    DOI
    10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.283
    ISSN
    2168-622X
    School
    National Drug Research Institute (NDRI)
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/56896
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Context: Methamphetamine is associated with psychotic phenomena, but it is not clear to what extent this relationship is due to premorbid psychosis among people who use the drug. Objective: To determine the change in the probability of psychotic symptoms occurring during periods of methamphetamine use. Design: Longitudinal prospective cohort study. A fixedeffects analysis of longitudinal panel data, consisting of 4 noncontiguous 1-month observation periods, was used to examine the relationship between changes in methamphetamine use and the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms within individuals over time. Setting: Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Participants: A total of 278 participants 16 years of age or older who met DSM-IV criteria for methamphetamine dependence on entry to the study but who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for lifetime schizophrenia or mania. Main Outcome Measures: Clinically significant psychotic symptoms in the past month, defined as a score of 4 or more on any of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale items of suspiciousness, hallucinations, or unusual thought content. The number of days of methamphetamine use in the past month was assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index. Results: There was a 5-fold increase in the likelihood of psychotic symptoms during periods of methamphetamine use relative to periods of no use (odds ratio [OR], 5.3 [95% CI, 3.4-8.3] ; P < .001), this increase being strongly dose-dependent (1-15 days of methamphetamine use vs abstinence in the past month: OR, 4.0 [95% CI, 2.5-6.5]; =16 days of methamphetamine use vs abstinence in the past month: OR, 11.2 [95% CI, 5.9- 21.1] ). Frequent cannabis and/or alcohol use (=16 days of use in the past month) further increased the odds of psychotic symptoms (cannabis: OR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.1- 3.5]; alcohol: OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.1-4.2] ). Conclusions: There was a large dose-dependent increase in the occurrence of psychotic symptoms during periods of methamphetamine use among users of the drug.

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