Electrochemistry of proteins at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

Abstract

The electrochemistry of proteins at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is discussed, with detection capabilities based on protein-facilitated anion transfer, and which has enabled protein detection via adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Targeting an enzymatic biomarker has achieved detection at picomolar concentrations, whilst studies into structural aspects of proteins at the ITIES have revealed formation of oligomers (cytochrome c) and unfolded protein (lysozyme) together with alterations to the protein secondary structures.