Free Sugars Intake, Sources and Determinants of High Consumption among Australian 2-Year-Olds in the SMILE Cohort
Access Status
Authors
Date
2019Type
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Source Title
ISSN
School
Collection
Abstract
In the first 2 years of life, it is important to limit exposure to foods high in free sugars, in order to lay foundations for lifelong eating patterns associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease. Intake data at this age is limited, so compliance with recommendations is not known. This analysis describes free sugars intakes, food sources and determinants of high consumption among Australian children at 2 years of age. Free sugars intakes were estimated using a customized Food Frequency Questionnaire, and median usual free sugars intake at 2 years was 22.5 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 12.8–37.7) g/day, contributing a median 8% of the estimated energy requirement (EER). Based on the EER, most children (71.1%) exceeded the World Health Organization recommendation that <5% of energy should come from free sugars, with 38% of participants exceeding the <10% recommendation. Children from households with the greatest socioeconomic disadvantage were more likely to exceed the 10% recommendation (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.44, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.13–1.84), and be in the top tertile for free sugars intake (PR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19–2.10) than the least disadvantaged. Main sources of free sugars were non-core foods, such as fruit juice, biscuits, cakes, desserts and confectionery; with yogurt and non-dairy milk alternatives the two notable exceptions. Improved efforts to reduce free sugars are needed from the introduction of solid food, with a particular focus on fruit juice and non-core foods.
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Devenish, Gemma; Ytterstad, E.; Begley, Andrea; Do, L.; Scott, Jane (2018)© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd The consumption of free sugars is directly associated with adiposity and dental caries in early childhood; however, intake data in the first 2 years of life are limited. This cross-sectional ...
-
Zhu, K.; Devine, A.; Suleska, A.; Tan, C.; Toh, C.; Kerr, Deborah; Prince, R. (2010)Objective. As women age total dietary intake falls which may increase the risk of dietary deficiencies in some individuals. The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in nutrient and dietary intakes that ...
-
Reicks, M.; Ballejos, M.; Goodell, L.; Gunther, C.; Richards, R.; Wong, S.; Auld, G.; Boushey, Carol; Bruhn, C.; Cluskey, M.; Misner, S.; Olson, B.; Zaghloul, S. (2011)Background: Most adults do not meet calcium intake recommendations. Little is known about how individual and family factors, including parenting practices that influence early adolescents' intake of calcium-rich foods, ...