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dc.contributor.authorDevenish, Gemma
dc.contributor.authorGolley, R.
dc.contributor.authorMukhtar, A.
dc.contributor.authorBegley, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorHa, D.
dc.contributor.authorDo, L.
dc.contributor.authorScott, Jane
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-19T04:15:25Z
dc.date.available2019-02-19T04:15:25Z
dc.date.created2019-02-19T03:58:13Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationDevenish, G. and Golley, R. and Mukhtar, A. and Begley, A. and Ha, D. and Do, L. and Scott, J. 2019. Free Sugars Intake, Sources and Determinants of High Consumption among Australian 2-Year-Olds in the SMILE Cohort. Nutrients. 11 (1): Article ID 161.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/73994
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu11010161
dc.description.abstract

In the first 2 years of life, it is important to limit exposure to foods high in free sugars, in order to lay foundations for lifelong eating patterns associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease. Intake data at this age is limited, so compliance with recommendations is not known. This analysis describes free sugars intakes, food sources and determinants of high consumption among Australian children at 2 years of age. Free sugars intakes were estimated using a customized Food Frequency Questionnaire, and median usual free sugars intake at 2 years was 22.5 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 12.8–37.7) g/day, contributing a median 8% of the estimated energy requirement (EER). Based on the EER, most children (71.1%) exceeded the World Health Organization recommendation that <5% of energy should come from free sugars, with 38% of participants exceeding the <10% recommendation. Children from households with the greatest socioeconomic disadvantage were more likely to exceed the 10% recommendation (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.44, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.13–1.84), and be in the top tertile for free sugars intake (PR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19–2.10) than the least disadvantaged. Main sources of free sugars were non-core foods, such as fruit juice, biscuits, cakes, desserts and confectionery; with yogurt and non-dairy milk alternatives the two notable exceptions. Improved efforts to reduce free sugars are needed from the introduction of solid food, with a particular focus on fruit juice and non-core foods.

dc.publisherMDPI Publishing
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleFree Sugars Intake, Sources and Determinants of High Consumption among Australian 2-Year-Olds in the SMILE Cohort
dc.typeJournal Article
dcterms.source.volume11
dcterms.source.number1
dcterms.source.startPage161
dcterms.source.endPage161
dcterms.source.issn2072-6643
dcterms.source.titleNutrients
curtin.departmentSchool of Public Health
curtin.accessStatusOpen access


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