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Neural gain induced by startling acoustic stimuli is additive to preparatory activation

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Authors
McInnes, Aaron
Corti, Emily
Tresilian, J.R.
Lipp, Ottmar
Marinovic, Welber
Date
2020
Type
Journal Article

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McInnes, A.N. and Corti, E.J. and Tresilian, J.R. and Lipp, O.V. and Marinovic, W. 2020. Neural gain induced by startling acoustic stimuli is additive to preparatory activation. Psychophysiology. 57 (3): Article No. e13493.
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Psychophysiology
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Faculty of Health Sciences
School
School of Psychology
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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: McInnes, A.N. and Corti, E.J. and Tresilian, J.R. and Lipp, O.V. and Marinovic, W. 2020. Neural gain induced by startling acoustic stimuli is additive to preparatory activation. Psychophysiology. 57 (3): ARTN e13493, which has been published in final form at https ://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13493 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.

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Abstract

© 2019 Society for Psychophysiological Research

Loud acoustic stimuli presented during movement preparation can shorten reaction time and increase response forcefulness. We examined how efferent connectivity of an agonist muscle to reticulospinal and corticospinal pathways, and the level of prepared movement force, affect reaction time and movement execution when the motor response is triggered by an intense acoustic stimulus. In Experiment 1, participants executed ballistic wrist flexion and extension movements of low and high force in response to visual stimuli. A loud acoustic stimulus (LAS; 105 dBa) was presented simultaneously with the visual imperative stimulus in probe trials. In Experiment 2, participants executed ballistic wrist flexion movements ranging from 10%–50% of maximum voluntary contraction with a LAS presented in probe trials. The shortening of response initiation was not affected by movement type (flexion or extension) or prepared movement force. Enhancement of response magnitude, however, was proportionally greater for low force movements and for the flexor muscle. Changes in peak force induced by the intense acoustic stimulus indicated that the neural activity introduced to motor program circuits by acoustic stimulation is additive to the voluntary neural activity that occurs due to movement preparation, rather than multiplicative.