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dc.contributor.authorHoque, Najmul
dc.contributor.authorBiswas, Wahidul
dc.contributor.authorMazhar, Ilyas
dc.contributor.authorHoward, Ian
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-17T02:31:22Z
dc.date.available2020-08-17T02:31:22Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationHoque, N. and Biswas, W. and Mazhar, I. and Howard, I. 2019. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector. Atmosphere. 10 (7): Article No. 398.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/80590
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/atmos10070398
dc.description.abstract

Alternative fuels for the transport sector are being emphasized due to energy security and environmental issues. Possible alternative fuel options need to be assessed to realize their potential to alleviate environmental burdens before policy formulations. Western Australia (WA) is dominated by private cars, accounting for around 72% vehicles with 87% of those using imported gasoline, and resulting in approximately 14% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. There is an urgent need for WA to consider alternative transport fuels not only to reduce the environmental burden but also to avoid future energy security consequences. This study assesses the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) of transport fuel options suitable for WA. The study revealed that ethanol (E65), electric (EV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) options can decrease global warming potential (GWP) by 40%, 29% and 14%, respectively, when compared to gasoline. The EV and PHEV also performed better than gasoline in the fossil fuel depletion (FFD) and water consumption (WC) impact categories. Gasoline, however, demonstrated better environmental performance in all the impact categories compared to hydrogen and that was mainly due to the high electricity requirement during the production of hydrogen. The use of platinum in hydrogen fuel cells and carbon fibre in the hydrogen tank for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) and Li-ion battery for EVs are the most important sources of environmental impacts. The findings of the study would aid the energy planners and decision makers in carrying out a comparative environmental assessment of the locally-sourced alternative fuels for WA.

dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectScience & Technology
dc.subjectPhysical Sciences
dc.subjectMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
dc.subjectalternative transport fuel
dc.subjectpassenger vehicle
dc.subjectlife cycle assessment
dc.subjectWestern Australia
dc.subjectenvironmental performance
dc.subjectSUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectINTERCONNECTED SYSTEM
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectBIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectWHEAT PRODUCTION
dc.subjectENERGY
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY
dc.subjectEFFICIENCY
dc.titleEnvironmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector
dc.typeJournal Article
dcterms.source.volumeOnline
dcterms.source.number7
dcterms.source.startPage1
dcterms.source.endPage27
dcterms.source.issn2073-4433
dcterms.source.titleAtmosphere
dc.date.updated2020-08-17T02:31:21Z
curtin.note

© 2019 The Authors. Published by MDPI Publishing.

curtin.departmentSchool of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
curtin.accessStatusOpen access
curtin.facultyFaculty of Science and Engineering
curtin.contributor.orcidBiswas, Wahidul [0000-0002-6116-8881] [0000-0002-6891-9668]
curtin.contributor.orcidHoward, Ian [0000-0003-3999-9184]
curtin.contributor.orcidMazhar, Ilyas [0000-0002-5170-7060]
curtin.contributor.researcheridBiswas, Wahidul [J-5723-2016]
curtin.identifier.article-numberARTN 398
dcterms.source.eissn2073-4433
curtin.contributor.scopusauthoridBiswas, Wahidul [6602349968]
curtin.contributor.scopusauthoridHoward, Ian [12808325800]
curtin.contributor.scopusauthoridMazhar, Ilyas [24462267000]


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