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    APOE e4 moderates abnormal CSF-abeta-42 levels, while neurocognitive impairment is associated with abnormal CSF tau levels in HIV+ individuals: A cross-sectional observational study

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    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Cysique, L.
    Hewitt, T.
    Croitoru-Lamoury, J.
    Taddei, K.
    Martins, R.
    Chew, C.
    Davies, N.
    Price, Patricia
    Brew, B.
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Cysique, L. and Hewitt, T. and Croitoru-Lamoury, J. and Taddei, K. and Martins, R. and Chew, C. and Davies, N. et al. 2015. APOE e4 moderates abnormal CSF-abeta-42 levels, while neurocognitive impairment is associated with abnormal CSF tau levels in HIV+ individuals: A cross-sectional observational study. BMC Neurology. 15 (51): pp. 1-8.
    Source Title
    BMC Neurology
    DOI
    10.1186/s12883-015-0298-0
    School
    School of Biomedical Sciences
    Remarks

    This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/8233
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aß1-42, t-tau and p-tau have a characteristic pattern in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Their roles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains unclear. Methods: Adults with chronic treated HIV disease were recruited (n = 43, aged 56.7 ± 7.9; 32% aged 60+; median HIV duration 20 years, >95% plasma and CSF HIV RNA <50 cp/mL, on cART for a median 24 months). All underwent standard neuropsychological testing (61% had HAND), APOE genotyping (30.9% carried APOE e4 and 7.1% were e4 homozygotes) and a lumbar puncture. Concentrations of Aß1-42, t-tau and p-tau were assessed in the CSF using commercial ELISAs. Current neurocognitive status was defined using the continuous Global Deficit Score, which grades impairment in clinically relevant categories. History of HAND was recorded. Univariate correlations informed multivariate models, which were corrected for nadir CD4-T cell counts and HIV duration. Results: Carriage of APOE e4 predicted markedly lower levels of CSF Aß1-42 in univariate (r = -.50; p = .001) and multivariate analyses (R<sup>2</sup> = .25; p < .0003). Greater levels of neurocognitive impairment were associated with higher CSF levels of p-tau in univariate analyses (r = .32; p = .03) and multivariate analyses (R<sup>2</sup> = .10; p = .03). AD risk prediction cut-offs incorporating all three CSF biomarkers suggested that 12.5% of participants had a high risk for AD. Having a CSF-AD like profile was more frequent in those with current (p = .05) and past HIV-associated dementia (p = .03). Conclusions: Similarly to larger studies, APOE e4 genotype was not directly associated with HAND, but moderated CSF levels of Aß1-42 in a minority of participants. In the majority of participants, increased CSF p-tau levels were associated with current neurocognitive impairment. Combined CSF biomarker risk for AD in the current HIV+ sample is more than 10 times greater than in the Australian population of the same age. Larger prospective studies are warranted.

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