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    Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy characterises the functional chemistry of soil organic carbon in agricultural soils

    Access Status
    In process
    Authors
    Wetterlind, J.
    Viscarra Rossel, Raphael
    Steffens, M.
    Date
    2022
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Wetterlind, J. and Viscarra Rossel, R.A. and Steffens, M. 2022. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy characterises the functional chemistry of soil organic carbon in agricultural soils. European Journal of Soil Science. 73 (4): ARTN e13263.
    Source Title
    European Journal of Soil Science
    DOI
    10.1111/ejss.13263
    ISSN
    1351-0754
    Faculty
    Faculty of Science and Engineering
    School
    School of Molecular and Life Sciences (MLS)
    Funding and Sponsorship
    http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP210100420
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/91030
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Soil organic carbon (SOC) originates from a complex mixture of organic materials, and to better understand its role in soil functions, one must characterise its chemical composition. However, current methods, such as solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are time-consuming and expensive. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the visible, near infrared and mid-infrared regions (vis–NIR: 350–2500 nm; mid-IR: 4000–400 cm−1) can also be used to characterise SOC chemistry; however, it is difficult to know the frequencies where the information occurs. Thus, we correlated the C functional groups from the 13C NMR to the frequencies in the vis–NIR and mid-IR spectra using two methods: (1) 2-dimensional correlations of 13C NMR spectra and the diffuse reflectance spectra, and (2) modelling the NMR functional C groups with the reflectance spectra using support vector machines (SVM) (validated using 5 times repeated 10-fold cross-validation). For the study, we used 99 mineral soils from the agricultural regions of Sweden. The results show clear correlations between organic functional C groups measured with NMR and specific frequencies in the vis–NIR and mid-IR spectra. While the 2D correlations showed general relationships (mainly related to the total SOC content), analysing the importance of the wavelengths in the SVM models revealed more detail. Generally, models using mid-IR spectra produced slightly better estimates than the vis–NIR. The best estimates were for the alkyl C group (R2 = 0.83 and 0.85, vis–NIR and mid-IR, respectively), and the O/N-alkyl C group was the most difficult to estimate (R2 = 0.34 and 0.38, vis–NIR and mid-IR, respectively). Combining 13C NMR with the cost-effective diffuse reflectance methods could potentially increase the number of measured samples and improve the spatial and temporal characterisation of SOC. However, more studies with a wider range of soil types and land management systems are needed to further evaluate the conditions under which these methods could be used. Highlights: Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterise and model SOC functional chemistry. NMR derived C functional groups could be modelled with vis-NIR and mid-IR diffuse reflectance spectra. The methods allow for characterisation of SOC chemical composition on whole mineral soil samples. The approach can improve the spatial and temporal characterisation of SOC composition.

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