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dc.contributor.authorHenderson, Marc Simon
dc.contributor.authorSalces, Aliza Marie
dc.contributor.authorRickard, William DA
dc.contributor.authorFougerouse, Denis
dc.contributor.authorMedina, Álvaro José Rodríguez
dc.contributor.authorOraby, Elsayed A
dc.contributor.authorBeh, Jane
dc.contributor.authorRudolph, Martin
dc.contributor.authorVanderbruggen, Anna
dc.contributor.authorEksteen, Jacques
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-15T04:41:35Z
dc.date.available2025-04-15T04:41:35Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.identifier.citationHenderson, M.S. and Salces, A.M. and Rickard, W.D.A. and Fougerouse, D. and Medina, Á.J.R. and Oraby, E.A. and Beh, J. et al. 2025. Evaluation of the Removal of PVDF Using ToF-SIMS: Comparing Dihydrolevoglucosenone and Pyrolysis as Pretreatments for Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Recycling. 10 (2): pp. 56-56.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/97421
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/recycling10020056
dc.description.abstract

Effective and environmentally benign removal of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binders from spent battery electrodes remains a critical hurdle in sustainable recycling, primarily due to issues related to the mitigation of fluorinated compound emissions. This work evaluates PVDF binder removal from cathode active material using either a green solvent-based dissolution process or pyrolysis, analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The solvent pretreatment involved mixing dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene™) with PVDF-coated NMC811 at 100 °C, followed by hot filtration to separate the Cyrene-PVDF solution. Pyrolysis was conducted at 800 °C under an argon atmosphere. Positive ToF-SIMS spectra for Cyrene showed characteristic peaks at ketene (42 m/z) and 1,3-dioxole (86 m/z), along with intense C2H3O+, C3H3O+, C4H7+, and C3H5O+ peaks. The characteristic peaks used to identify PVDF were C3H2F5+ (133 m/z), C3H2F3+ (95 m/z), and C3HF4+ (113 m/z). Both processes resulted in PVDF removal, with pyrolysis demonstrating higher effectiveness. Particle agglomeration was observed in both pretreated NMC811 samples, however agglomeration was more pronounced with Cyrene pretreatment due to PVDF redeposition. Following pyrolysis, PVDF was transformed into a defluorinated carbonaceous material.

dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.sponsoredbyhttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE190100053
dc.titleEvaluation of the Removal of PVDF Using ToF-SIMS: Comparing Dihydrolevoglucosenone and Pyrolysis as Pretreatments for Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries
dc.typeJournal Article
dcterms.source.volume10
dcterms.source.number2
dcterms.source.startPage56
dcterms.source.endPage56
dcterms.source.issn2313-4321
dcterms.source.titleRecycling
dc.date.updated2025-04-15T04:41:32Z
curtin.departmentWASM: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering
curtin.accessStatusOpen access
curtin.facultyFaculty of Science and Engineering
curtin.contributor.orcidBeh, Jane [0000-0002-5563-8795]
curtin.contributor.scopusauthoridBeh, Jane [55033508000]
curtin.repositoryagreementV3


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