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    The impact of dietary and lifestyle risk factors on risk of colorectal cancer: A quantitative overview of the epidemiological evidence

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Huxley, Rachel
    Ansary-Moghaddam, A.
    Clifton, P.
    Czernichow, S.
    Parr, C.
    Woodward, M.
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Huxley, R. and Ansary-Moghaddam, A. and Clifton, P. and Czernichow, S. and Parr, C. and Woodward, M. 2009. The impact of dietary and lifestyle risk factors on risk of colorectal cancer: A quantitative overview of the epidemiological evidence. International Journal of Cancer. 125 (1): pp. 171-180.
    Source Title
    International Journal of Cancer
    DOI
    10.1002/ijc.24343
    ISSN
    0020-7136
    School
    School of Public Health
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/9891
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality and is considered to be largely attributable to inappropriate lifestyle and behavior patterns. The purpose of this review was to undertake a comparison of the strength of the associations between known and putative risk factors for colorectal cancer by conducting 10 independent meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Studies published between 1966 and January 2008 were identified through EMBASE and MEDLINE, using a combined text word and MESH heading search strategy. Studies were eligible if they reported estimates of the relative risk for colorectal cancer with any of the following: alcohol, smoking, diabetes, physical activity, meat, fish, poultry, fruits and vegetables. Studies were excluded if the estimates were not adjusted at least for age. Overall, data from 103 cohort studies were included. The risk of colorectal cancer was significantly associated with alcohol: individuals consuming the most alcohol had 60% greater risk of colorectal cancer compared with non- or light drinkers (relative risk 1.56, 95% CI 1.42-1.70). Smoking, diabetes, obesity and high meat intakes were each associated with a significant 20% increased risk of colorectal cancer (compared with individuals in the lowest categories for each) with little evidence of between-study heterogeneity or publication bias. Physical activity was protective against colorectal cancer. Public-health strategies that promote modest alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, weight loss, increased physical activity and moderate consumption of red and processed meat are likely to have significant benefits at the population level for reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer. © 2009 UICC.

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