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    Implicit Theories of Mental Toughness: Relations With Cognitive, Motivational, and Behavioral Correlates

    226258_226258.pdf (339.1Kb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Gucciardi, Daniel
    Jackson, B.
    Hodge, K.
    Anthony, D.
    Brooke, Lauren
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Gucciardi, D. and Jackson, B. and Hodge, K. and Anthony, D. and Brooke, L. 2015. Implicit Theories of Mental Toughness: Relations With Cognitive, Motivational, and Behavioral Correlates. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 4 (2): pp. 100-112.
    Source Title
    Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology
    DOI
    10.1037/spy0000024
    ISSN
    2157-3905
    School
    School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
    Remarks

    Copyright © 2015 American Psychological Association.

    This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/33066
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    People differ in their implicit theories about mental toughness, that is, whether they believe this quality is immutable (entity theorists) or changeable (incremental theorists). The aim of this study was to explore whether peoples’ implicit theories of mental toughness are related to cognitive, motivational, and behavioral variables considered as hallmarks of this personal quality. We conducted 3 studies with participants from different achievement contexts: 444 undergraduate students aged 17 to 26 years (M 19.25); 395 employees aged 25 to 79 years (M 48.78); and 230 adolescent athletes aged 11 to 17 years (M 14.98). Students completed a measure of implicit theories of mental toughness, fear of failure, and perceived stress. Employees completed a measure of implicit theories and were rated on performance and creativity by their supervisor. Athletes completed a measure of implicit theories of mental toughness, resilience, and thriving. Across all 3 samples, cluster analyses supported the existence of an incremental theory (high incremental theory, low entity theory) alongside an ambivalent group (moderate scores on both theories). These clusters differed on fear of failure, stress, performance, creativity, resilience, and thriving consistent with theoretical expectations. The current findings suggest that people’s implicit theories of mental toughness may have important implications for understanding cognitive, motivational, and behavioral correlates considered hallmarks of this psychological concept.

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