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    The vertebrate heart: An evolutionary perspective

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Stephenson, A.
    Adams, J.
    Vaccarezza, Mauro
    Date
    2017
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Stephenson, A. and Adams, J. and Vaccarezza, M. 2017. The vertebrate heart: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Anatomy. 231 (6): pp. 787-797.
    Source Title
    Journal of Anatomy
    DOI
    10.1111/joa.12687
    ISSN
    0021-8782
    School
    School of Biomedical Sciences
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/58870
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    © 2017 Anatomical Society. Convergence is the tendency of independent species to evolve similarly when subjected to the same environmental conditions. The primitive blueprint for the circulatory system emerged around 700-600 Mya and exhibits diverse physiological adaptations across the radiations of vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata, Phylum Chordata). It has evolved from the early chordate circulatory system with a single layered tube in the tunicate (Subphylum Urchordata) or an amphioxus (Subphylum Cephalochordata), to a vertebrate circulatory system with a two-chambered heart made up of one atrium and one ventricle in gnathostome fish (Infraphylum Gnathostomata), to a system with a three-chambered heart made up of two atria which maybe partially divided or completely separated in amphibian tetrapods (Class Amphibia). Subsequent tetrapods, including crocodiles and alligators (Order Crocodylia, Subclass Crocodylomorpha, Class Reptilia), birds (Subclass Aves, Class Reptilia) and mammals (Class Mammalia) evolved a four-chambered heart. The structure and function of the circulatory system of each individual holds a vital role which benefits each species specifically. The special characteristics of the four-chamber mammalian heart are highlighted by the peculiar structure of the myocardial muscle. Journal of Anatomy

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