Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell
Access Status
Authors
Date
2015Type
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Source Title
ISSN
School
Collection
Abstract
Palm shell is one of the most plentiful wastes of the palm oil mill industry. This study identifies the capability of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to convert palm shell into high energy hydrochar. The influence of reaction time and reaction temperature of the HTC process was investigated. The process parameters selected were temperature 200 °C to 240 °C, time 10 to 60min, and water to biomass ratio was fixed at 10 : 1 by weight %. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental, proximate, Burner Emmett and Teller (BET), thermo-gravime tric (TGA) analyses were performed to characterize the product and the feed. The heating value (HHV) was increased from 12.24 MJ/ kg (raw palm shell) to 22.11 MJ/kg (hydrochar produced at 240 °C and 60 min). The hydrochar yield exhibited a higher degree inverse proportionality with temperature and reaction time. Elemental analysis revealed an increase in carbon percentage and a proportional decrease in hydrogen and oxygen contents which caused higher value of HHV. The dehydration and decarboxylation reactions take place at higher temperatures during HTC resulting in the increase of carbon and decrease in oxygen values of hydrochar. The FESEM results reveal that the structure of raw palm shell was decomposed by HTC process. The pores on the surface of hydrochar increased as compared to the raw palm shell.
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Nizamuddin, S.; Mujawar, Mubarak; Tiripathi, M.; Jayakumar, N.; Sahu, J.; Ganesan, P. (2016)This paper primarily investigates the possible optimum conditions for maximum yield production of hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization of palm shell. The hydrochar and the palm shell have been characterized to ...
-
Nizamuddin, S.; Jaya Kumar, N.; Sahu, J.; Ganesan, P.; Mujawar, Mubarak; Mazari, S. (2015)In this paper, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is applied to oil palm shells to produce a solid fuel known as hydrochar. The effect of reaction temperatures 220–290 °C at reaction time 30 min, and a biomass to water ratio ...
-
Nizamuddin, S.; Qureshi, S.; Baloch, H.; Siddiqui, M.; Takkalkar, P.; Mujawar, Mubarak; Dumbre, D.; Griffin, G.; Madapusi, S.; Tanksale, A. (2019)The process parameters of microwave-induced hydrothermal carbonization (MIHTC) play an important role on the hydrothermal chars (hydrochar) yield. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, particle size and biomass ...