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    Characterization of a G1P[8] rotavirus causing an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory, Australia, in the vaccine era

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Donato, C.
    Cowley, D.
    Snelling, Thomas
    Akopov, A.
    Kirkness, E.
    Kirkwood, C.
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Donato, C. and Cowley, D. and Snelling, T. and Akopov, A. and Kirkness, E. and Kirkwood, C. 2014. Characterization of a G1P[8] rotavirus causing an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory, Australia, in the vaccine era. Emerging Microbes and Infections. 3.
    Source Title
    Emerging Microbes and Infections
    DOI
    10.1038/emi.2014.47
    ISSN
    2222-1751
    School
    School of Public Health
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/55777
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    In 2010, a large outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory, Australia. The outbreak occurred 43 months after the introduction of the G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine Rotarix®. Forty-three infants were hospitalized during the outbreak and analysis of fecal samples from each infant revealed a G1P[8] rotavirus strain. The outbreak strain was adapted to cell culture and neutralization assays were performed using VP7 and VP4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The outbreak strain exhibited a distinct neutralization resistance pattern compared to the Rotarix® vaccine strain. Whole genome sequencing of the 2010 outbreak virus strain demonstrated numerous amino acid differences compared to the Rotarix® vaccine strain in the characterized neutralization epitopes of the VP7 and VP4 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the outbreak strain revealed a close genetic relationship to global strains, in particular RVA/Human-wt/BEL/BE0098/2009/ G1P[8] and RVA/Human-wt/BEL/BE00038/2008/G1P[8] for numerous genes. The 2010 outbreak strain was likely introduced from a globally circulating population of strains rather than evolving from an endemic Australian strain. The outbreak strain possessed antigenic differences in the VP7 and VP4 proteins compared to the Rotarix® vaccine strain. The outbreak was associated with moderate vaccine coverage and possibly low vaccine take in the population. © 2014 SSCC. All rights reserved.

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